By the early 1800's, much of Europe still had a less efficient transportation system than A. the Roman Empire. B. the Safavid Empire. C. the Ottoman Empire. D. the Byzantine Empire.

The early 1800s is the pre-industrial era in Europe. The answer would be A. The Roman Empire because by the 1800s, the Roman Empire had a complicated network of coastal shipping and roads with large cities by the Mediterranean and they traded with India and China for goods.